A review of methods to account for impacts of non-stationary climate data on extreme rainfalls for design rainfall estimation in South Africa

Frequency analysis of extreme rainfall and flood events are used to determine design rainfalls floods which needed hydraulic structures such as dams, spillways culverts. Standard methods for frequency based on the assumption a stationary climate. However, this in is being challenged with growing evidence climate change. As consequence changing climate, magnitude reported have increased parts South Africa, these other changes occurrences expected continue into future. The possible non-stationarity resulting may impact accuracy estimation quantities estimations. This significant consequences new infrastructure, well rehabilitation existing infrastructure. Hence, that account non-stationary data, caused by change, need be developed. achieved using data from downscaled global circulation models order identify variables affect rainfall, can then incorporated value series.